中藥有效成分與腸道菌群相互作用的研究進展(1)
[摘要]人體腸道中棲息著數量龐大、種類繁多的微生物，這些微生物與其所寄居的腸道環境組成了腸道微生態系統。腸道共生菌群參與調控宿主的營養消化吸收、免疫應答、生物拮抗等一系列生命活動，且與多種疾病的發生發展密切相關。因此，維持腸道微生態系統的平衡對宿主的生理健康顯得尤為重要。中藥有效成分代謝轉化后，腸道菌群使其代謝產物更易被吸收，甚至有減毒或增毒作用，進而發揮不同的生物學效應；同時，中藥也能調節腸道菌組成，保護腸黏膜屏障，從而恢復腸道穩態。作者檢索了近15年中藥與腸道菌群相互作用的相關研究文獻，綜述了腸道菌群的分類，腸道菌群失調與疾病的關系，腸道菌群對中藥有效成分代謝及生物活性的影響以及中藥調節腸道菌群失調等方面，并對基于多組學技術研究中藥作用機制的策略進行了展望。
[關鍵詞]腸道菌群；中藥；有效成分；疾��；代謝；相互作用
[Abstract]A large number and wide varieties of microorganisms colonize in the human gastrointestinal tract They construct an intestinal microecological system in the intestinal environment The intestinal symbiotic flora regulates a series of life actions， including digestion and absorption of nutrient， immune response， biological antagonism， and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases Therefore， it is greatly essential for the host′s health status to maintain the equilibrium of intestinal microecological environment After effective compositions of traditional Chinese medicines are metabolized or biotransformed by human intestinal bacteria， their metabolites can be absorbed more easily， and can even decrease or increase toxicity and then exhibit significant different biological effects Meanwhile， traditional Chinese medicines can also regulate the composition of the intestinal flora and protect the function of intestinal mucosal barrier to restore the homeostasis of intestinal microecology The relevant literatures in recent 15 years about the interactive relationship between traditional Chinese medicines and gut microbiota have been collected in this review， in order to study the classification of gut microflora， the relationship between intestinal dysbacteriosis and diseases， the important roles of gut microflora in intestinal bacterial metabolism in effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and bioactivities， as well as the modulation effects of Chinese medicine on intestinal dysbacteriosis In addition， it also makes a future prospect for the research strategies to study the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicines based on multiomics techniques
[Key words]intestinal microbiota； traditional Chinese medicine； effective ingredients； disease； metabolism； interaction
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20161002
人的皮膚、消化道、呼吸道、泌尿生殖道等部位寄居著種類和數量繁多的微生物，包括細菌、真菌、寄生蟲及病毒，其中絕大多數微生物生活在人體消化道內[1]。與人體共生的微生物絕大部分是由細菌菌群組成的，在人體胃腸道中共生著超過1 000種，總質量約15 kg的細菌[2]。定植在腸道內的細菌的細胞總數約1×1014個，是人體自身細胞數量的10倍[3]，如此龐大的細菌群落被當作是人體的超級“器官”[4]。從基因層面上看，人體自身約23萬個基因，而胃腸道內的微生物基因總數至少是人體的150倍[5]。因此，正如Joshua Lederberg提出的“人體是由真核細胞與體內共生的微生物群落共同組成的超級生物體(superorganism)”[6]。正常情況下，人體與其體內共生菌相互作用并構成相對平衡的統一體�！澳c道元基因組(gut metagenome)”與人體自身基因組共同影響人體的病理生理和藥物代謝[78]。 (祖先鵬 林璋 謝海勝 楊鳥 劉心如 張衛東)
[關鍵詞]腸道菌群；中藥；有效成分；疾��；代謝；相互作用
[Abstract]A large number and wide varieties of microorganisms colonize in the human gastrointestinal tract They construct an intestinal microecological system in the intestinal environment The intestinal symbiotic flora regulates a series of life actions， including digestion and absorption of nutrient， immune response， biological antagonism， and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases Therefore， it is greatly essential for the host′s health status to maintain the equilibrium of intestinal microecological environment After effective compositions of traditional Chinese medicines are metabolized or biotransformed by human intestinal bacteria， their metabolites can be absorbed more easily， and can even decrease or increase toxicity and then exhibit significant different biological effects Meanwhile， traditional Chinese medicines can also regulate the composition of the intestinal flora and protect the function of intestinal mucosal barrier to restore the homeostasis of intestinal microecology The relevant literatures in recent 15 years about the interactive relationship between traditional Chinese medicines and gut microbiota have been collected in this review， in order to study the classification of gut microflora， the relationship between intestinal dysbacteriosis and diseases， the important roles of gut microflora in intestinal bacterial metabolism in effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and bioactivities， as well as the modulation effects of Chinese medicine on intestinal dysbacteriosis In addition， it also makes a future prospect for the research strategies to study the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicines based on multiomics techniques
[Key words]intestinal microbiota； traditional Chinese medicine； effective ingredients； disease； metabolism； interaction
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20161002
人的皮膚、消化道、呼吸道、泌尿生殖道等部位寄居著種類和數量繁多的微生物，包括細菌、真菌、寄生蟲及病毒，其中絕大多數微生物生活在人體消化道內[1]。與人體共生的微生物絕大部分是由細菌菌群組成的，在人體胃腸道中共生著超過1 000種，總質量約15 kg的細菌[2]。定植在腸道內的細菌的細胞總數約1×1014個，是人體自身細胞數量的10倍[3]，如此龐大的細菌群落被當作是人體的超級“器官”[4]。從基因層面上看，人體自身約23萬個基因，而胃腸道內的微生物基因總數至少是人體的150倍[5]。因此，正如Joshua Lederberg提出的“人體是由真核細胞與體內共生的微生物群落共同組成的超級生物體(superorganism)”[6]。正常情況下，人體與其體內共生菌相互作用并構成相對平衡的統一體�！澳c道元基因組(gut metagenome)”與人體自身基因組共同影響人體的病理生理和藥物代謝[78]。 (祖先鵬 林璋 謝海勝 楊鳥 劉心如 張衛東)